Kodi kufalikira kwa mitundu ya Omicron ndi yotani?

Kodi kufalikira kwa mitundu ya Omicron ndi yotani? Nanga bwanji kulankhulana? Poyang'anizana ndi mtundu watsopano wa COVID-19, kodi anthu ayenera kuyang'ana chiyani pantchito yawo yatsiku ndi tsiku? Onani yankho la National Health Commission kuti mumve zambiri

Q:Kodi kupezeka ndi kufalikira kwa mitundu ya Omicron ndi chiyani?
A: Mu Novembala 9, 2021, mtundu wina wa COVID-19 B.1.1.529 unapezeka koyamba ku South Africa. M'milungu iwiri yokha, wosinthikayo adakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda atsopano ku Gauteng Province, South Africa, ndikukula mwachangu. Pa Novembara 26, yemwe adafotokoza kuti ndi "mtundu wachisanu" (VOC), adatcha kalata yachi Greek Omicron. Pofika pa Novembara 28, South Africa, Israel, Belgium, Italy, Britain, Austria ndi Hong Kong, China idayang'anira zomwe zasintha. Kuyika kwa mutant sikunapezeke m'maboma ndi mizinda ina ku China. Omicron mutant idapezeka koyamba ndikufotokozedwa ku South Africa, koma sizitanthauza kuti kachilomboka kadasanduka ku South Africa, ndipo malo opezeka a mutant simalo omwe adachokera.

Q:Zifukwa ziti zomwe zimapangitsa kuti Omicron mutant atuluke?

A: Malinga ndi zomwe COVID-19 nkhokwe ya GISAID, kuchuluka kwa malo osinthika a COVID-19's kunali kokulirapo kuposa mitundu yonse ya COVID-19 m'zaka 2 zaposachedwa, makamaka ku Spike. Zikuganiziridwa kuti pangakhale zifukwa zitatu izi:
(1) atadwala COVID-19, odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la chitetezo chamthupi adakumana ndi kusinthika kwanthawi yayitali ndipo adapeza masinthidwe ambiri m'thupi.
(2) matenda a COVID-19 mgulu la nyama zina asintha potengera kuchuluka kwa nyama, ndi masinthidwe okwera kuposa a anthu, kenako kumafikira anthu.
(3) kusinthaku kwakhala mumtundu wa COVID-19 kwa nthawi yayitali m'maiko kapena madera obwerera m'mbuyo. Chifukwa chosowa kuyang'anira luso, kusinthika kwa kachirombo ka m'badwo wapakatikati sikungadziwike mu nthawi.

Q:Kodi transmissibility ya mtundu wa Omicron ndi chiyani?
A:Pakali pano, palibe kafukufuku wokhazikika wokhudzana ndi kufalikira, kudwala komanso kuthawa kwa chitetezo chamthupi cha Omicron mutant padziko lapansi. Komabe, Omicron mutant ilinso ndi malo ofunikira a amino acid osinthika a alpha (alpha), beta (beta), gamma (gamma) ndi delta (delta) mapuloteni amtundu woyamba wa VOC zosinthika, kuphatikiza malo osinthika omwe amakulitsa kuyanjana kwa cell receptor ndi virus. kubwereza luso. Deta ya epidemiological and laboratory surveillance ikuwonetsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka Omicron mutant ku South Africa chakwera kwambiri komanso pang'ono m'malo mwa delta mutant. Kuthekera kofalitsira kumafunikira kuwunika ndi kufufuza kwina.

Q:Kodi kusiyana kwa Omicron kumakhudza bwanji katemera ndi mankhwala oteteza thupi?
A: Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ngati masinthidwe a K417N, E484A kapena N501Y achitika mu protein ya COVID-19 S, mphamvu yopulumukira ya chitetezo chamthupi imakulitsidwa. Panali kusintha katatu kwa "k417n + e484a + n501y" mu Omicron mutant; Kuphatikiza apo, pali masinthidwe ena ambiri omwe angachepetse kusokoneza kwa ma antibodies ena a monoclonal. Kuphatikizika kwa masinthidwe kumatha kuchepetsa chitetezo chamankhwala ena a antibody pa Omicron mutant, ndipo kuthekera kwa chitetezo chamthupi cha katemera omwe alipo kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikuwunikanso.

Q:Kodi Omicron mutant zimakhudza nucleic acid kuzindikira reagents panopa ntchito China?
A: Kuwunika kwa Genomic kwa Omicron mutant kunawonetsa kuti malo ake osinthika sanakhudze chidwi komanso kutsimikizika kwazinthu zodziwika bwino za nucleic acid ku China. Malo osinthika a masinthidwewo adakhazikika makamaka m'chigawo chosinthika kwambiri cha jini ya protein ya S, yomwe siili pamalo oyambira komanso ofufuza a nucleic acid kugundua reagent yomwe idatulutsidwa mu kope lachisanu ndi chitatu la New Coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control programme (the ORF1ab) jini ndi N jini yotulutsidwa ndi matenda a virus aku China CDC padziko lapansi). Komabe, deta yochokera ku ma laboratories angapo ku South Africa imasonyeza kuti nucleic acid reagent yomwe ili ndi cholinga chodziwikiratu cha S gene ikhoza kulephera kuzindikira S gene ya Omicron mutant.

Q:Kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe mayiko ndi madera omwe akukhudzidwa?
Yankho: Poona momwe mliri wa Omicron mutant ukufalikira ku South Africa, mayiko ndi zigawo zambiri, kuphatikiza United States, United Kingdom, European Union, Russia, Israel, Taiwan ndi Hong Kong, aletsa kulowa kwa alendo kuchokera kumayiko ena. kum'mwera kwa Africa.

Q: Kodi zotsutsana ndi China ndi ziti?
A: Njira yopewera ndi kuwongolera "kuyika chitetezo chakunja ndi chitetezo chamkati" ku China ikadali yothandiza kwa Omicron mutant. Institute of virus matenda a Chinese Center for Disease Control and kupewa yakhazikitsa njira yodziwira ma nucleic acid ya Omicron mutant, ndipo ikupitilizabe kuyang'anira ma genome a virus pamilandu yomwe ingatheke. Njira zomwe zili pamwambazi zithandizira kuzindikira munthawi yake zosinthika za Omicron zomwe zitha kutumizidwa ku China.

Q:Ndi malingaliro otani a omwe angagwirizane ndi mitundu ya Omicron?
A: WHO ikulimbikitsa kuti mayiko onse alimbikitse kuyang'anira, kupereka malipoti ndi kafukufuku wa COVID-19, ndikuchitapo kanthu paumoyo wa anthu kuti aletse kufalitsa kachilomboka. Ndibwino kuti anthu azitenga njira zopewera matenda, kuphatikiza kukhala mtunda wa 1m m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, kuvala masks, kutsegula mawindo olowera mpweya, kusunga manja oyera, kutsokomola kapena kuyetsemula m'zigono kapena matawulo, katemera, ndi zina zambiri. kupewa kupita kumalo opanda mpweya wabwino kapena wodzaza anthu. Poyerekeza ndi zosinthika zina za VOC, sizikudziwika ngati kufalikira, kuphatikizika ndi kuthekera kwa chitetezo chamthupi kuthawa kwa Omicron mutants ndizolimba. Zotsatira zoyambirira zidzapezedwa m'masabata angapo otsatira. Komabe, zimadziwika kuti mitundu yonse imatha kudwala kwambiri kapena kufa, chifukwa chake kupewa kufala kwa ma virus nthawi zonse ndikofunikira. Katemera watsopano wa korona akadali wothandiza kuchepetsa matenda oopsa ndi imfa.

Q: Poyang'anizana ndi mtundu watsopano wa COVID-19, kodi anthu ayenera kuyang'ana chiyani pantchito yawo yatsiku ndi tsiku?
A: (1) Kuvala chigoba akadali njira yabwino yoletsera kufala kwa kachilomboka, komanso imagwiranso ntchito pamitundu ya Omicron. Ngakhale njira yonse yopangira katemera ndi jekeseni wowonjezera itatha, ndikofunikira kuvala masks m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, zoyendera za anthu ndi malo ena. Kuphatikiza apo, muzisamba m'manja pafupipafupi ndikuchita ntchito yabwino polowera m'nyumba. (2) Gwirani ntchito yabwino pakuwunika thanzi lanu. Ngati akukayikira kuti coronavirus chibayo zizindikiro monga malungo, chifuwa, kupuma movutikira, etc., kuwunika panthawi yake kutentha kwa thupi ndi mankhwala yogwira. (3) Chepetsani kulowa ndi kutuluka kosafunikira. M'masiku ochepa chabe, mayiko ndi zigawo zambiri zafotokoza motsatizana za kuitanitsa kwa Omicron mutant. China ikuyang'anizananso ndi chiwopsezo cha kulowetsedwa kwa mutant, ndipo kumvetsetsa kwapadziko lonse kwa mutant kumeneku kuli kochepa. Chifukwa chake, kupita kumadera omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, chitetezo chaumwini paulendo chiyenera kulimbikitsidwa, ndipo mwayi wotenga matenda a Omicron mutant uyenera kuchepetsedwa.